He mārama, he ataahua, he kanapa hoki te karaihe, te ataahua o te karāhe mai i te Whare Karakia o Qing

Karāhe Hainamana i ahu mai i te Whare Ariki o Zhou ki te Hauāuru, ā, i tupu nui i te Whare Ariki o Qing. I te tau 35 o te kingitanga o Kangxi (1690), i hangaia te wheketere karāhe o te Tari Hanga Whare Ariki o Qing. I ngā wā o Kangxi, Yongzheng, me Qianlong, i whakakotahi ngā tohunga toi Hainamana i ngā āhuatanga Hainamana me te Hauāuru ki te hanga i tētahi momo karāhe ahurei. I te hekenga o te kaha o te motu i te mutunga o te Whare Ariki o Qing, ka heke haere te hanga karāhe i te Whare Ariki o Qing, engari he nui ngā hua karāhe o te Hauāuru me te Rawhiti i uru ki te Tāone Ārai. Ko ngā karāhe ataahua, utu nui hoki o te kooti o te Whare Ariki o Qing i āta huri hei tae o ia rā. Ko ngā tae kanapa me ngā āhua momona o te karāhe o te Whare Ariki o Qing kāore i kitea i mua i roto i te hītori o te karāhe Hainamana.

Te horoi i te peere para karāhe whenua mārama papura mō te wā waenga

Putunga para karāhe whenua matomato mārama (tirohanga o mua) i waenganui i te wāhanga horoi

Te horoi i te peere para karāhe whenua matomato mārama i waenganui o te wāhanga

Putunga para karāhe mārama tae tī (tirohanga o mua) i waenganui i te wāhanga horoi

Pākete para karāhe whenua mārama tae tī, kei waenganui i te wāhanga horoi

Kikorangi Karāhe Mārama Tirohanga Tapawhā Qing Qianlong

Tapawhā karāhe kikorangi mārama (pikitia taipitopito) Qing Qianlong

Pounamu karāhe kikorangi mārama, Qing Qianlong

Pounamu taringa rua, waha karāhe mārama, kikorangi te rangi, he mārama

Pounamu taringa rua, waha putiputi karāhe kikorangi mārama (pikitia taipitopito) mārama

Kikorangi o te Hauāuru Mārama Peihana Karāhe Ūropi o te rautau 19

Pounamu whenua takirua karāhe kōwhai Qing Qianlong

He pounamu karaihe mārama o te Hauāuru, he tauira chrysanthemum nō Ūropi i te rautau 19.

He pounamu tauira chrysanthemum karāhe mārama o te Hauāuru (pikitia taipitopito) o Ūropi i te rautau 19

He ipu taringa rua, he rau panana whero, he putiputi, he huinga mā, he ipu taringa rua, he tauira pūrerehua, he karāhe māwhero, he Qing Qianlong

He pounamu mā, he tauira pītiti karāhe whero, he Qing Qianlong

He huinga mā, he karāhe whero, he tarakona takirua e whai ana i te pērara, he pounamu puna jade, he pounamu puna Qing Qianlong

He pounamu mā, he tarakona karāhe kikorangi me te tauira phoenix, Qing Qianlong

01 Te mahi pupuhi uaua
E ai ki te "Yanshan Zaji · Liuli" i te wā o te Ming Dynasty, i whakamahia ngā taputapu pupuhi pērā i ngā rama mirumiru, ngā pounamu ika, me ngā kanohi o Buddha hei whakaputa i te "ao takoto kau". Ko ngā taputapu jade rūpahu karāhe whakarewa o te Ming Dynasty anake e toe ana i ēnei rā. Nā te tikanga karāhe i whakaurua mai i Ūropi i te wā o te Qing Dynasty i taea ai ngā mahi pupuhi uaua. Haunga te pupuhi noa i ngā mea iti, he huarahi nui te pupuhi pokepokea ai hei hanga i ngā mea uaua. Tukua he ngongo pupuhi whakarewa ki roto i te mata karāhe ka pupuhi ki roto i te pokepokea ai. I muri i te hanganga, tangohia te pokepokea ai ka whakakanapahia, me te whakairo me te peita anō hoki.

Pounamu karaihe waru-āhua kikorangi mārama, Qing Yongzheng

Ngā hua karaihe tae rerekē mō te horoi

He karāhe tae kanapa te taonga hua (pikitia taipitopito) mārama

Pounamu karāhe tae-whā, Qing Qianlong

02 ngā huinga karāhe

Ko te karāhe hipoki he whakakotahitanga o te hangarau hipoki karāhe me te hangarau whakairo, ko te tae o te uho kei mua, ā, ko te tae o te uhi o waho ka kōrerohia i muri mai. Ka taea te wehewehe anō kia rua ngā wāhanga: ko te tuatahi ko te hipoki i te karāhe monochrome ki te karāhe monochrome; ko te tuarua ko te tikanga "whakakotahi", arā, ko te hono wāhanga me te whakarewa i ngā wāhanga karāhe tae rerekē ki runga i te papa, kātahi ka whakairohia i te rohe.

Karāhe mā me ngā tauira pekapeka takirua me te wai āhua merengi, Qianlong o te Whare Ariki o Qing

He pounamu ngongo karāhe māwhero, he tauira kōwhai, he mārama

He ipu taringa rua, he rau panana karāhe kikorangi, he tauira putiputi mā, he ipu taringa rua, he Qing Qianlong

He ipu taringa rua, he rau panana karāhe kikorangi te huinga mā (pikitia taipitopito) Qing Qianlong

He peihana mā, he tauira rōhi karāhe kikorangi, he huinga Qing Qianlong

He peihana mā, he karāhe kikorangi, he tauira rōhi, he mea whiri (pikitia taipitopito) Qing Qianlong

03 Te Peita Karāhe

Ko te peita karāhe he momo peita e whakamahi ana i te karāhe hei rauemi. I te mea kei raro i te karāhe te ahua, me whai i te raupapa o te whakaaturanga taipitopito i mua i te whakaranu i te papamuri tae i te wā o te tukanga peita, he rerekē tēnei i te tukanga peita noa. I runga i tēnei, i tere te whakawhanake a te mutunga o te Whare Ariki o Qing i te tikanga peita ā-roto mā te whakamahi i ngā pito pene piko, he mea i whakamahia whānuitia i roto i ngā taputapu iti pēnei i ngā pounamu hinu kakara.

Te Peita a ngā Wahine o te Hauāuru, Te Peita Karāhe Mārama

Te Peita Karāhe a ngā Wahine o te Hauāuru (Taipitopito) Qing

Te Tānga Karāhe Mārama mō te Kauwhata Ahuwhenua me te Whatu

Te Tānga Karāhe o te Kauwhata Ahuwhenua me te Whatu (Taipitopito) Mārama

04 karāhe whakairo

Ka taea te wehewehe i te karaihe whakairo ki te tikanga whakairo taimana me te tikanga whakairo motuka. He iti noa iho ngā karaihe whakairo taimana mai i te wā o Kangxi. I ahu mai tēnei tikanga i Venice i te tīmatanga o te rautau 16, i whakamahia ai he pene whakairo taimana ki ngā mata karaihe hei peita me te huri. I te wā o Yongzheng, i ahu mai te karaihe whakairo i ngā tikanga whakairo jade tuku iho, e kiia nei ko te "tikanga whakairo hariata".

He ipu putiputi whakairo karaihe mārama, kikorangi hapaira o te Hauāuru, nō Ūropi i te rautau 19.

He ipu puawai whakairo karaihe kikorangi mātotoru o te Hauāuru (pikitia taipitopito) nō te rautau 19 o Ūropi

Kapu whakairo pūrerehua, he karaihe mārama, he amipere, Qing Qianlong

He kapu teitei, he tauira putiputi me he hua whakairo karaihe mārama, he mārama

Kapu waewae teitei, whakairo putiputi me te hua, mārama, he karaihe mārama (pikitia taipitopito)

05 Karāhe Koura

Ko te karāhe Baojin e pā ana ki te tukanga hanga rārangi pouri angiangi, ōrite hoki ki runga i te mata o ngā oko karāhe kotahi-tae, kātahi ka pania he kāpia koura me te pepa konutea ki roto i ngā rārangi hei hanga i tētahi kakano koura. I whakawhanakehia tēnei tikanga mā te tango i te hihiri mai i te hangarau o ngā mea whakanikoniko, ā, he whakapaipai ahurei nō te karāhe o te whare kingi o Qing.

He reera karāhe kikorangi te rangi, he koura te tauira manga, he oumu tūru, he Qing Qianlong

He ipu karaihe kikorangi me ngā manga kua takaihia ki te koura me ngā tauira putiputi, Qing Qianlong

06 Karāhe o Venus

Ko te ingoa o te karāhe o Venus i ahu mai i ngā matūriki tioata e kanapa ana i roto i tōna tinana. I whakaurua tuatahitia hei momo karāhe hou ki Venice i te rautau 15, ā, e kiia ana ko te "kōhatu Wendorina" ko te "Kashlun" rānei i roto i ngā pūranga o te Whare o Qing. I ngā tau tōmua o te kingitanga o Qianlong, i tahuna angitu tēnei momo i roto i tētahi wheketere karāhe i raro i te arataki a ngā mihinare. Nā te pakeke me te uaua ki te pupuhi, ko te nuinga o ngā karāhe o Venus e whakamahia ana hei whakairo i te jade, me ētahi mea he wāhanga karāhe o Venus kei waho o te tinana whakarewa.

Tāia parahi kua whakauruhia ki te karāhe whetu koura, he pūmau pene pakaru hukapapa, mārama

He potae parahi kua whakauruhia ki te pupuri pene hukapapa karāhe whetu koura (pikitia taipitopito) mārama

Whakairo Karāhe o Venus, Tauira Kapua Phoenix, Hononga Takirua, Whakaurunga Putiputi o te Tāone Wai, Mārama

07 Ētahi atu taonga tuku iho ahurea tino ataahua

Karāhe mā, ira whero, kohua putiputi, mārama

He karaihe mā kua takaihia ki te hiraka tae me te pounamu karaihe tauira porowhita, Qing Qianlong

He pounamu porowhita karāhe mā, he tauira kua takaihia ki te hiraka tae (pikitia taipitopito) Qing Qianlong

He peita tinana karāhe, he peita putiputi me te manu, he pounamu Qing Qianlong

He mea whakairo ki te karāhe a Diancui, he uri whakaheke me te tauira Bandai, he putiputi upoko, he mārama

He poroporo roa o te karāhe whero kua hipokina ki te hukarere Feixue, mārama

He karaihe mārama te whakairo o te raiona e takoto ana, he pōro e whiua ana, he mārama te pōro

Pounamu taupoki taringa takirua, he karāhe tae uru, nō Venice i te rautau 18

Pounamu taupoki taringa takirua karāhe tae uru (pikitia taipitopito) Venice rautau 18